Tag: Schimmel Sufism

This essay explores the concept of gnosis (ma‘rifah) in Islam, understood as the highest form of knowledge that unites intellect, spirituality, and revelation. From Dhū’n-Nūn al-Miṣrī’s early articulation of mystical knowledge to al-Ghazzālī’s integration of law and Sufism, and from Ibn ‘Arabī’s metaphysics to William Chittick’s insights, the tradition of ma‘rifah shows that true knowledge…